Reconstruction Vocabulary

Social Changes:  Vocab.   Complete frayer models for the following.

Freedmen, Feedman's bureau, disfranchised, Ku Klux Klan.

 

Political Changes:    Fill in the following as we go over it.

          After the Civil War, WV and VA had unfinished business to settle.  One was the amount of debt of VA's debt WV was required to pay.  In 1919, 56 years after the states creation, the US Supreme Court ruled that WV owed VA 14,562,867.  WV, the poor state that it was didn't have that kind of money, so they paid some in cash, then paid the rest in ___________ (notes that are proof of debt that are paid in payments with interest added).

Social Changes:

          After the 15^th Amendment gave freedmen all political rights, former confederate states created laws to limit the vote to certain groups.  _________________ was a tax that was required to vote.  This denied _________________ the vote.  Another way to deny the vote was the______________________.   A third way to deny voting was the _______________________ which required your grandfather to have been registered to vote.

 

Labor Unions:

          In order the fight unionization in WV, companies required workers hired to sign ________________________ (a condition of employment stating not to join a union or be evolved in union activity).  Workers at one company who were found to be involved in union activity would be placed on a ______________________ which was shared with other companies in the state.  Often companies would fight workers with the courts.  They would get a judge to issue an _____________________, then those not in compliance would be arrested.  Striking workers would often be replaced with ____________________ who were often immigrants.

bonds, poll tax, freedmen, literacy test, grandfather clause, yellow-dog contract, blacklist, injunction, scabs.

 

 

Vocab quiz words for Friday Jan. 16

I-pad    Unit Vocabulary                                                                      Name:

                                                                                                            Date:

                                                                                                            class:

 

Geology:         Coal is found below the surface of WV in layers or 1. strata .  Layers of coal are also refereed to as 2. seams .  Seams may be inches to several feet thick.  Seam thickness and position relative to the surface determine how the coal will be mined.  The seams of coal were once dead plants in vast swamps.  Low oxygen caused the plant material to turn to 3.peat.   Time, heat, and pressure turned the peat into 4. lignite. From which coal was formed.

History: 

Ancient man used “the burning rock” coal near the surface for many activities.  To mine coal on a vast scale, businessmen developed machines and procedures to accomplish the task.  This 5.mechanization led to the modern machines used today to mine coal.  Coal near the surface is mined by a method called 6. surface mining where the soil and top layers of rock are removed to expose the coal seam from the surface.  Giant machines scoop up the coal.  Today the site is reclaimed making the land useful rather than leaving it as barren moonscape.  Seamed deeper in the earth are mined by 7. shaft mining .  Shafts from the surface allow men and equipment access to the coal.  Once there,miners practice 8. room and pillar mining .  The room is the area left hollow by the mined coal the pillar is left to hold up the earth above the room.  Nature will not leave an empty space, so open areas under ground either cave in or fill with water.  Mining is extremely dangerous.

Culture and immigration:

            Because coal was found in remote areas of WV, the coal company not only built the mine but also many times built a 9. company town  which provided the miner and his family everything necessary for life.  Many companies even had their own company money with which they paid their workers.  It was called 10. scrip  and could only be used at the coal company store.  Because there was not enough native labor, coal companies ofter recruited 11. immigrants from the major port cities of the east coast to come and work in these towns.  Often, company stores charged very high prices because the miners could spend their scrip nowhere else.  This along with dangerous working conditions and long hours (miners worked 6 or 7 days a week for 12 hours each day) led some miners to form unions and go on strike.  But because the company owned your house, often they would send mine guards to pile the miner's stuff in the road and 12. evict the family.  They had nowhere else to go.

Management vs. Labor:

            Another problem miners faced because the got paid for the weight of a loaded coal car, was 13. cribbing .  The coal company scales would be rigged to underweight the car thus cheating the miner out of money.  These conditions caused miners to form 14. labor unions and to go on 15. strike to try to make their situation livable.  The companies fought unions and strikes vigorously using law enforcement and 16. mine guards  to fight the miners.  An example would be the 1902 attack on miners at Stanoford Mountain in Fayette County.  U.S. Marshalls and Mine guards killed 12 strikers miners in the middle of the night.  This violated the miners constitutionally guaranteed rights, but happened anyway. 

Directions:  Describe a method of study you will use for Friday's test below. 

 

 

Study this week. 

Test Friday:                       Prediction:  how many will you miss on the test_________

                                                            Actual grade on the test__________

Coal good and bad activity directions:

Lesson:

Students will use their i-pads to complete the following

Students will research coal in WV 

How is it good for the state?

How is coal harmful to the state?

Students will write their information on a sheet and cite their sources for the information.   Then students will complete posters on white copy paper, one sheet good, one sheet bad.

Best 40 pts.  ( will be selected to go on 8^th grade bulletin board)

Good 30 pts.

Other 20 pts.

Criteria-  Neat, big lettering, color, and pictures ( drawn)